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Muhammad Hanafi
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST B.J. Habibie, Serpong, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Comparative Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Solvent Fractions from Piper betle L., Morinda citrifolia L., and Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. Agus Kurniawan; Esti Mumpuni; Ernawati Sinaga; Muhammad Hanafi; Puspa Dewi Narrij Lotulung; Syamsudin Abdillah
Journal of Natural Product for Degenerative Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): JNPDD September
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58511/jnpdd.v4i1.10256

Abstract

Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition remains a key strategy for its management. The present study aimed to compare the ACE inhibitory activity of solvent fractions obtained from Piper betle L. leaves, Morinda citrifolia L. fruits, and Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. leaves. Ethanolic extracts were fractionated by liquid–liquid partitioning using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Fraction yields were determined, and in vitro ACE inhibitory activity was evaluated at 100 µg/mL using the ACE Kit–WST assay. Statistical analysis was performed using Welch ANOVA followed by the Games–Howell post hoc test. The aqueous fractions consistently produced the highest yields (56.10–87.99%), whereas the ethyl acetate fractions yielded the lowest amounts (5.15–14.47%). ACE inhibitory activity varied markedly among fractions, ranging from 28.23 ± 1.91% to 95.88 ± 0.89%. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. betle exhibited the strongest ACE inhibitory activity (95.88 ± 0.89%) and showed no significant difference from captopril (p = 0.103). In contrast, the highest activities of M. citrifolia and D. angustifolia were observed in the ethyl acetate (51.35 ± 0.94%) and n-hexane (59.68 ± 3.30%) fractions, respectively. These findings demonstrate that solvent fractionation effectively enriches ACE-inhibitory constituents and identify the ethyl acetate fraction of P. betle as a promising source of natural ACE inhibitors for further antihypertensive drug development.
Co-Authors Agus Kurniawan Ernawati Sinaga Esti Mumpuni Puspa Dewi Narrij Lotulung Syamsudin Abdillah