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All Journal Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Elmiloudi , Rachida
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Salinity-related spectral and thermal indicators in the Habra plain, Algeria, using Landsat and Google Earth Engine Elmiloudi , Rachida; Benaricha, Boumedienne; Hamimed, Abderrahmane
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11061

Abstract

Soil salinization is a leading driver of land degradation in semi-arid irrigated plains, yet tracking it over several decades is hampered by the cost and limited frequency of field surveys. This study did not measure soil salinity directly; instead, it reconstructed twenty-five years of salinity-related spectral and thermal surface indicators across the 328 km² Habra irrigated perimeter in north-western Algeria, which serve as remote proxies for surface salinization processes. Dry-season Landsat composites for four reference years (2000, 2010, 2020 and 2025) were processed in Google Earth Engine to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Brightness Index (BI), the Salinity Index (SI), the Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). Mean LST rose from 49.4 to 52.3 °C between 2000 and 2020 and then declined to 50.2 °C in 2025, partly reflecting denser multi-sensor sampling, while mean NDVI increased only slightly, from 0.13 to 0.18. The area of high-brightness pixels (BI ? 0.40) grew from 11.8 % in 2000 to 33.1 % in 2020 before falling to 21.1 % in 2025. NDVI and LST remained strongly negatively coupled throughout, whereas the coupling of LST with BI and SI strengthened steadily. The convergent behaviour of three salinity-sensitive indices, confirmed at 500 m resolution, provides indirect evidence of advancing surface salinization that warrants targeted field validation.
Co-Authors Benaricha, Boumedienne Hamimed, Abderrahmane