<![CDATA[A coordinated approach is necessary for achieving national border-area development goals. However, building a comprehensive framework for addressing the complex issues associated with border governance remains an ongoing challenge. In this context, the international land borders of Indonesia are complicated by large development differences with neighbouring countries. The differences lead to multiple problems, such as transnational crime through many illegal crossing points. The combined effect of the factors increases human vulnerability and intensifies the risks associated with mobility in border regions, which are characterised by ongoing push and pull factors in cross-border travel. The policy measures implemented are influenced by the interplay between central and local government priorities, with a security-oriented focus at the national level and a stronger emphasis on community welfare and prosperity at the local level. Therefore, this study analysed land border governance along Indonesia’s borders with Malaysia, Timor- Leste, and Papua New Guinea using qualitative methods, including focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, and field observations. Data were collected from 125 informants across Jakarta, North Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, and Papua. The results showed that the local needs in Indonesian borderlands are diverse, and that social institutions perform multiple functions in the management of the border. Based on the principles of human development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the findings reinforce the need to improve social services and protection mechanisms for border region issues.]]>
