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The Effect of DER and Firm Size on PBV, with ROA as a Mediating Variable, Among FnB Companies Rifki Fandika Daffa Wardhana; Alfiana; Yekti Intyas Rahayu
Journal of Management Research and Studies Vol. 4 No. 2: July - December (2026)
Publisher : Optima Science

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and Firm Size on the Price-to-Book Value (PBV), with Return on Assets (ROA) as a mediating variable, among companies in the Food and Beverage subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2022–2025. Global economic volatility affects the ability of domestic Food and Beverage (F&B) companies to generate profits, which in turn impacts investor confidence in capital investment. This study employs a quantitative, explanatory approach. The study population consists of companies in the Food and Beverage subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, from which a sample of 57 companies was selected through purposive sampling. This study uses secondary data in the form of companies’ annual financial reports, which were then analyzed using multiple regression and path analysis in SPSS to test the direct and indirect effects between variables. The results show that the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) does not have a significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA), while Firm Size has a positive and significant effect on ROA. Furthermore, the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) has a positive and significant effect on Price-to-Book Value (PBV); Firm Size has a negative and significant effect on PBV; and Return on Assets (ROA) has a positive and significant effect on PBV. The mediation test indicates that ROA does not mediate the effect of DER on PBV but partially and competitively mediates the effect of Firm Size on PBV. These findings suggest that increased profitability is an important mechanism in explaining the relationship between firm size and firm value, whereas the relationship between capital structure and firm value is predominantly direct.
The Effect of Service Quality on Customer Retention: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction at BRI Kromengan Unit, Malang Regency Safira Dwi Santarini; Wahju Wulandari; Yekti Intyas Rahayu
Journal of Management Research and Studies Vol. 4 No. 2: July - December (2026)
Publisher : Optima Science

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Abstract

Customer retention has become one of the most important strategic objectives in the banking industry due to the increasingly competitive financial market and the rapid development of digital banking services. Banks are required not only to attract new customers but also to maintain long-term relationships with existing customers through high-quality services that generate satisfaction and loyalty. This study aims to examine the effect of service quality on customer retention with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable at BRI Kromengan Unit, Malang Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed using a survey method. Primary data were collected from 300 BRI customers through structured questionnaires measured using a five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination (R²), hypothesis testing (t-test and F-test), and Sobel mediation analysis. The empirical findings indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Service quality also has a direct positive effect on customer retention. Furthermore, customer satisfaction significantly influences customer retention and partially mediates the relationship between service quality and customer retention. These findings suggest that improving service quality enhances customer satisfaction, which subsequently strengthens customer retention. The study contributes to the development of relationship marketing literature by confirming the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the Indonesian banking sector. Practically, the findings provide valuable managerial implications for Bank Rakyat Indonesia in developing customer-oriented service strategies to improve long-term customer relationships and organizational competitiveness.