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All Journal Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika
Oman Sukmana
Study Program of Social Welfare, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Social Sciences

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Stakeholder network effectiveness in achieving child-friendly school standards: A social network analysis perspective Fritz Hotman Syahmahita Damanik; Oman Sukmana; Tri Sulistyaningsih
Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika
Publisher : Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jsd.v21i2.2026.213-225

Abstract

Protection of children’s rights across six regulatory components has been mandated by Indonesia’s Child-Friendly School (CFS) policy. Theoretically it looks complete, yet practically its implementation remains persistently uneven, and no existing study really explains why. This study poses a new question: does the structure of stakeholder collaboration, not just individual compliance, drive the quality of implementation? We integrated a systematic review of 60 peer-reviewed articles (2018–2025) with Social Network Analysis to map a 21-node, 54-edge CFS stakeholder network across four clusters: the Governance Hub, the Pedagogical Core, the Community Interface, and External Protection. The most important intermediary is the school principal (betweenness centrality = 0.312), followed by the City Education Office (0.231) and the school counsellor (0.187). We identified five structural holes, most notably surrounding passive parents and local media. The study results show that the connectivity centrality of school principals exhibits a substantial correlation with CFS implementation scores across 35 schools (R² = 0.73). These findings both conclude and reinforce the concept we call Network-Conditioned Policy Fidelity (NCPF): the quality of implementation in multi-actor education governance is a structural attribute of the network itself, not an individual matter of compliance.
Co-Authors Fritz Hotman Syahmahita Damanik Tri Sulistyaningsih