<![CDATA[In sustainable food production, the high cholesterol content of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) products presents a challenge to their marketability and potential consumer health concerns. This study investigated the efficacy of dietary supplementation with a Lactobacillus-based probiotic and single-clove garlic extract, administered individually and in combination, in modulating the lipid profile and key pro-inflammatory cytokines in laying quail. Using a completely randomized design, birds were allocated to five groups: a control group (T0), probiotic alone (T1: 4 mL/L), garlic extract alone (T2: 2 mL/kg), a high-dose combination (T3: 4 mL/L probiotic + 2 mL/kg garlic extract), and a low-dose combination (T4: 2 mL/L probiotic + 1 mL/kg garlic extract). Individual supplementation (T1 and T2) significantly decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels compared with the control (p < 0.05). Immunologically, probiotic administration in T1 moderately suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6), supporting its potential role in regulating immune homeostasis. Conversely, garlic extract administration in T2 induced a transient elevation in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6, indicative of adaptive immune activation. A synergistic interaction was observed with the combined treatments, with the lower-dose combination (T4) being the most effective in modulating the immune response without inducing excessive inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of probiotics and garlic extract as functional feed additives for improving quail health. However, optimizing their dosage is critical to harnessing their synergistic benefits, improving lipid profiles while maintaining balanced immune function.]]>
