<![CDATA[Poor water quality in Indian botia (Botia lohachata) rearing systems can adversely affect fish health and growth and increase the risk of disease. Ketapang (Terminalia catappa) leaf extract, which possesses antimicrobial properties, was evaluated for its effects on the production performance, health, and business performance of Indian botia rearing. An in vitro test was conducted to determine the total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to determine the effects of ketapang leaf extract supplementation on the production performance, health, and business performance of Indian botia rearing. An in vivo test was subsequently conducted using the best-performing preparation method identified in the in vitro test, namely, pressured hot-water extraction of ketapang leaves for 45 min. The extract was applied to the Indian botia rearing medium to evaluate its effects on production performance, health, and water quality. Three treatment dosages were applied: 0.04 mL/L (KTP 0.04), 0.8 mL/L (KTP 0.8), and no ketapang extract (K). The in vivo health parameters showed no significant differences among treatments. The in vitro test results showed that the application of ketapang extract at 0.8 mL/L increased the survival rate of Indian botia (p > 0.05) and improved specific length growth, absolute length growth, specific weight growth rate, absolute weight growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Based on the business performance analysis, the 0.8 mL/L ketapang extract treatment increased projected annual production, resulting in higher projected revenue and profit. Overall, supplementation with ketapang leaf extract improved the production and business performance of Indian botia.]]>
