<![CDATA[This study is motivated by the increasing demand for sustainable business practices that encourage companies to optimize Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) and enhance Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure to improve financial performance. However, prior studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of GIC and ESG Disclosure on financial performance, particularly in environmentally sensitive industries. This research aims to analyze the effect of Green Intellectual Capital and ESG Disclosure on financial performance proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), and to examine the role of Firm Size as a moderating variable. The study employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression on 48 basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021-2024 period, resulting in 192 firm-year observations. The Random Effects Model was used for analysis. The findings indicate that Green Intellectual Capital has a positive and significant effect on ROE, while ESG Disclosure has no significant effect on financial performance. Furthermore, Firm Size negatively and significantly moderates the relationship between Green Intellectual Capital and ROE, whereas its moderating effect on ESG Disclosure is not significant. These findings indicate that sustainability-oriented intangible resources play a more important role in improving financial performance than sustainability disclosure alone. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence for the application of Intellectual Capital-Based View and Stakeholder Theory in explaning corporate financial performance.]]>
