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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology
Nastiti Wijayanti
Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Immunogenicity of native Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi outer membrane proteins in Balb/c mice supports antigen prioritization for typhoid rapid tests Sri Darmawati; Maya Tamara Mawardani; Mudyawati Kamaruddin; Nastiti Wijayanti; Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede; Yunita Aldirahayu
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 31, No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.111250

Abstract

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). However, current diagnostic tests remain suboptimal in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on S. Typhi outer membrane proteins (OMPs) may offer faster and more accurate detection. This study characterizes the immunogenicity of S. Typhi OMPs by evaluating interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and antibody titers in mice. The OMPs were isolated from bacterial cultures and used as native antigens for mouse immunization. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were quantified by ELISA; subsequently, antibody titers were determined by an in-house ELISA, with antibody specificity confirmed by Western blotting. The highest IL-6 and TNF-α responses were observed in the 5 µg dose group, with cytokine titers of 12.43 pg/mL and 19.68 pg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, western blotting confirmed antigen–antibody reactivity, showing prominent bands at approximately 71, 42, 21, 17, and 11 kDa. The study confirms that S. Typhi OMPs elicited a robust cytokine response and induced specific antibodies that recognized multiple OMP subunits, supporting their potential as promising antigen candidates for the development of an improved and specific typhoid rapid diagnosed test (RDT).
Co-Authors Maya Tamara Mawardani Mudyawati Kamaruddin Sri Darmawati Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede Yunita Aldirahayu