<![CDATA[Mental health services in Indonesia continue to face various challenges, including limited access to healthcare facilities, shortages of mental health professionals, and the persistence of physical restraint practices involving Persons with Mental Disorders (Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa, ODGJ). These conditions raise concerns regarding the state’s legal responsibility to fulfill the right to mental health services. This study aimed to analyze the legal consequences of state negligence in providing mental health services for persons with mental disorders in Indonesia. The study employed a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. Legal materials were analyzed qualitatively with reference to Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024. The findings indicated that the state has a constitutional obligation to ensure the provision of integrated, sustainable, and quality mental health services. However, deficiencies in the mental healthcare system have contributed to the persistence of physical restraint practices, discontinuity of treatment, and inadequate social rehabilitation. Such failures may constitute maladministration and, depending on the circumstances and applicable legal standards, may also result in violations of human rights obligations. Therefore, strengthening mental health services, increasing the availability and capacity of mental health professionals, and implementing rights-based and restorative approaches to addressing unlawful restraint practices are necessary to improve the protection and fulfillment of the rights of persons with mental disorders.]]>
