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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences
Nurlaeli Nurlaeli
Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Electronic Land Registration and Document Forgery: A Socio-Legal Analysis of Criminal Liability Under Indonesia's Omnibus Law Lilik Warsito; Irfan Rizky Hutomo; Nurlaeli Nurlaeli; Herwin Sulistyowati; Muhammad Sutan Jandy
Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September
Publisher : Greenation Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1192

Abstract

This study examines the socio-legal dimensions of criminal liability arising from document forgery within Indonesia's electronic land registration system, as reshaped by the Omnibus Law on Job Creation (Law No. 11 of 2020, as amended by Law No. 6 of 2023) and Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2021 on Electronic Certificates. The transition from paper-based to electronic land registration was intended to enhance efficiency, transparency, and legal certainty; however, digitalization has simultaneously generated new typologies of forgery, including manipulated scanned files, falsified digital signatures, and duplicated electronic certificates. This research employs a socio-legal method combining normative analysis of statutory provisions with an empirical review of enforcement practice and institutional case handling. The findings indicate that although the Criminal Code and sectoral regulations criminalize forgery of authentic land documents, criminal liability remains fragmented across three tiers-individual perpetrators, notaries/PPAT, and platform or institutional operators-producing overlapping jurisdiction and inconsistent enforcement. Technical vulnerabilities at the verification stage have not yet been matched by corresponding criminal law adaptations. The article recommends harmonizing sectoral and general criminal provisions, strengthening digital forensic capacity within law enforcement, and establishing clearer corporate criminal liability standards for land registration platform operators.
Co-Authors Herwin Sulistyowati Irfan Rizky Hutomo Lilik Warsito Muhammad Sutan Jandy