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All Journal International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities (IJMESH)
Santi Novani
School of Business and Management Institute of Technology Bandung
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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A Multi-Methodological Framework for Electric Vehicle Policy in Emerging Economies: Integrating Soft Systems Methodology, Innovation Diffusion Theory, Principal-Agent Theory, and Strategic Choice Approach through a Systematic Literature Review Rachman Phasadaon Hutasuhut; Pri Hermawan; Santi Novani
International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): July - December Volume
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/ijmesh.v10i1.4356

Abstract

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption in emerging economies is shaped by interacting technical, economic, institutional, and behavioral factors. In Indonesia, despite substantial fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, EV adoption remains below 1% of vehicle sales, reflecting persistent misalignment among government targets, industry capabilities, and consumer acceptance. Existing studies tend to analyze these challenges in isolation and rarely integrate behavioral and institutional dimensions within a single coherent framework suited to such "wicked" policy problems. This study is conceptual and methodological in nature. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 81 articles, supported by a System of Systems Methodologies (SOSM) analysis and refined by a pilot workshop with Indonesian experts, it develops an integrated problem-structuring framework. The review indicates that Problem Structuring Methods, particularly Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), remain underutilized in emerging-economy transport policy. On this basis, the study proposes a six-stage integration protocol that positions SSM as the methodological backbone, complemented by Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), Principal-Agent Theory (PAT), and Strategic Choice Approach (SCA), spanning problem exploration, innovation analysis, incentive mapping, conceptual modeling, uncertainty management, and implementation strategy. The framework offers a structured way to combine interpretive, behavioral, institutional, and strategic perspectives while maintaining theoretical coherence. Its applicability is illustrated through an exploratory application to Indonesia's EV charging-infrastructure policy, with broader empirical validation identified as a priority for future research.
Co-Authors Pri Hermawan Rachman Phasadaon Hutasuhut