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All Journal Lex Journal : Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Amos Apui
Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Global Standards vs. Local Realities: Enforcing Carbon Pricing and Emissions Trading Schemes in Developing Jurisdictions Pertamaputra Djohan; Amos Apui; Yovan Iristian
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No S1 (2026): Special Issue
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10iS1.12667

Abstract

As the global urgency to combat climate change escalates, carbon pricing mechanisms—specifically Carbon Taxes and Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS)—have emerged as premier market-based policy instruments designed to internalize environmental externalities. However, the international transferability of standardized carbon pricing frameworks from developed economies to developing jurisdictions reveals significant structural, institutional, and socio-economic friction. This research examines the critical divergence between global decarbonization standards and local operational realities in developing nations. Emphasizing the legal architectures and economic dynamics across jurisdictions such as Indonesia, South Africa, Malaysia, and Mexico, this paper investigates the enforcement challenges associated with Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems, regulatory capture, industrial resistance, and socio-economic regressivity. The findings demonstrate that top-down implementation of high carbon price floors without localized policy adaptation risks inducing domestic economic shocks, exacerbating poverty, and creating market distortions. To resolve these tensions, the paper outlines equity-oriented hybrid carbon pricing structures, digitalized governance frameworks, and strategic revenue recycling mechanisms capable of harmonizing climate mitigation with national development goals.
Co-Authors Pertamaputra Djohan Yovan Iristian