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All Journal KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science
Rifdafadlillah Rifdafadlillah
Master of Applied Occupational Safety and Health Study Program, Department of Health Services and Information, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Chemistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health

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Preventing Needle Stick Injuries (NSI) Among Medical Waste Handlers: A Systematic Review Based on the Hierarchy of Hazard Controls Rifdafadlillah Rifdafadlillah; Muhammad Arrofiq
Jurnal KESANS : Kesehatan dan Sains Vol 5 No 12 (2026): KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science
Publisher : Rifa'Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54543/kesans.v5i12.726

Abstract

Introduction: Needle Stick Injuries (NSI) is representing a significant safety hazard in hospitals, affecting frontline healthcare workers and medical waste handlers. Improper disposal of used medical needles into infectious waste bins instead of designated safety boxes became the primary cause of these incidents. Objective: This study is aiming to evaluate medical waste management interventions to prevent NSI using the Hierarchy of Hazard Controls. Method: A systematic literature review conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles published between 2019 and 2026 were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, utilizing PICO to select relevant studies. Result and Discussion: Healthcare facilities primarily rely on administrative controls, such as Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, these approaches frequently fail due to human errors and non-compliance worker. Current engineering interventions, including Internet of Thing (IoT) smart bins and RFID sorting, tend to be too complex and lack direct physical barriers to prevent Improper needle disposal. Conclusion: Current reliance on PPE and administrative protocols is not enough to protect waste handlers from NSI risk. Hospitals need to prioritizing practical engineering controls, such as direct physical barriers integrated with waste bins, to prevent NSI at the source.
Co-Authors Muhammad Arrofiq