<![CDATA[Supervision of foreign nationals at Indonesia’s immigration checkpoints (TempatPemeriksaan Imigrasi/TPI) is increasingly shifting from reactive, document-basedinspection toward preventive, risk-based detection. This study analyzes the policyframework for the implementation of an early warning system (EWS) in immigrationsupervision at TPI, focusing on its legal basis, technical instruments, andimplementation challenges. The research uses normative legal research with statutoryand conceptual approaches. Data were collected through literature study of laws,ministerial regulations, official policy documents, and accredited scientific journals, andanalyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results show that Indonesia's immigrationEWS rests on an interconnected set of instruments Subject of Interest (SOI), BorderControl Management (BCM), Enhanced Cekal System (ECS), Passenger Analysis Unit(PAU), and the Passenger Profiling Information System (SIPP) integrated within theImmigration Management Information System (SIMKIM) and grounded in Law No. 6 of2011 on Immigration as amended by Law No. 63 of 2024, together with technicalregulations issued by the Directorate General of Immigration. Implementationnevertheless still faces obstacles, including the absence of specific regulation andstandard operating procedures for PAU, limited data interoperability among agencies,uneven officer capacity, and personal data protection concerns. Optimization requiresaccelerating technical regulation, strengthening inter-agency data integration,expanding risk-based technology to more checkpoints, and improving human resourcecompetence so that early warning policy can function effectively as a preventiveinstrument for national security.]]>
