<![CDATA[Abstract. The rapid development of information technology has increased the risk of sexual harassment on social media, while law enforcement in Indonesia still faces legal uncertainty (rechtsonzekerheid). This study aims to analyze the imposition of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of sexual harassment on social media and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). The study employs a normative legal method using both a legislative and a case-based approach. The results show that although the Electronic Information and Transactions Law No. 1 of 2024 and the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes (TPKS Law) provide for imprisonment, fines, and restitution, their implementation has not fully reflected justice due to overlapping regulations and inconsistent standards of criminal liability. The ITE Law is also not yet functionally effective due to limitations in digital forensic infrastructure and an evidentiary paradigm that remains oriented toward physical evidence, causing law enforcement to tend to react only after a case goes viral. Therefore, standardization of digital evidence and regulatory harmonization are needed to achieve more effective and just legal protection for victims in the digital space. Abstrak. Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi meningkatkan risiko pelecehan seksual di media sosial, sementara penegakan hukumnya di Indonesia masih menghadapi ketidakpastian hukum (rechtsonzekerheid). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penjatuhan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku pelecehan seksual di media sosial serta mengevaluasi efektivitas Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE). Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun UU ITE No. 1 Tahun 2024 dan UU Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS) telah mengatur pidana penjara, denda, dan restitusi, penerapannya belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan keadilan akibat tumpang tindih regulasi dan standar pertanggungjawaban pidana yang belum seragam. UU ITE juga belum efektif secara fungsional karena keterbatasan infrastruktur forensik digital dan paradigma pembuktian yang masih berorientasi pada bukti fisik, sehingga penegakan hukum cenderung reaktif terhadap viralitas kasus. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan standarisasi pembuktian digital dan sinkronisasi regulasi untuk mewujudkan perlindungan hukum yang lebih efektif dan berkeadilan bagi korban di ruang digital.]]>
