<![CDATA[General Background: Blockchain is reshaping transactions, ownership, verification, smart contracts, tokenization, and digital governance, creating new legal objects for Islamic jurisprudence. Specific Background: In fiqh al-nawāzil, these configurations cannot be reduced to cryptocurrencies or product compliance because their legal character varies with architecture, functions, actors, rights, risks, and governance. Knowledge Gap: Empirical integration between technical knowledge, taḥqīq al-manāṭ, uṣūl al-fiqh, maqāṣid, and maʾālāt remains limited, while product-centred reasoning does not adequately capture system-level characteristics and consequences. Aims: This qualitative multi-stakeholder case study examined 28 informants through semi-structured interviews, legal vignettes, and documentary analysis to reconstruct digital ijtihād for blockchain-related cases. Results: Blockchain emerged as a multidimensional nāzilah; taḥqīq al-manāṭ functioned as the epistemic gateway linking technical reality with legal characterization; reasoning shifted from product-based classification toward systemic analysis and from post-hoc maqāṣid justification toward maṣlaḥah–mafsadah and consequence assessment. Novelty: The study formulates Substantive Digital Fiqh al-Nawāzil Theory, sequencing taṣawwur al-nāzilah, taḥqīq al-manāṭ, taʿyīn al-waṣf al-muʾaṡṡir, uṣūlī reasoning, maqāṣid evaluation, maṣlaḥah–mafsadah, maʾālāt al-afʿāl, legal determination, Shariah governance, and continuous monitoring. Implications: The framework supports object-first, systemic, consequence-sensitive, and multidisciplinary digital ijtihād for fatwas and Shariah governance. Highlights: Taḥqīq al-manāṭ linked technical facts with istinbāṭ al-ḥukm. Systemic legal characterization replaced product-centred classification across complex cases. Maqāṣid shifted toward maṣlaḥah–mafsadah and consequence-sensitive evaluation. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Law, Cybercrime, Digital Evidence, Law Enforcement]]>
