<![CDATA[General Background: Community organizations may become informal supporters of debtors in non-performing loan disputes, creating complex relationships between debtors, creditors, and third parties. Specific Background: In Sidoarjo and Surabaya, organizational assistance may take the form of consultation, mediation, negotiation, restructuring, and special repayment arrangements, but organizational symbols and collective pressure may also create social pressure during debt collection. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have mainly examined creditor protection, debtor default, fiduciary guarantees, and non-performing loans, while the socio-legal boundaries of community organization involvement in such disputes remain less examined. Aims: This study analyzes the legal position of community organizations and examines the legal and sociological implications of their involvement in non-performing loan resolution. Results: Using empirical legal research with socio-legal and legal anthropology approaches, qualitative data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. The findings show that community organizations function as third parties outside the credit contract and may provide lawful assistance when limited to consultation, mediation, negotiation, consumer advocacy, restructuring, and agreed special repayment. However, intimidation, mass mobilization, obstruction of lawful collection or fiduciary execution, concealment of collateral, and coercive pressure may constitute unlawful conduct and potentially trigger administrative, civil, or criminal consequences. Novelty: The study clarifies the boundary between lawful social assistance and organizational intervention that exceeds legal functions. Implications: Non-performing loan resolution requires professional and humane collection, consumer protection, direct communication, professional mediation, and clear limits on organizational involvement. Key Findings Highlights Community organizations operate outside the credit contract and may assist debtors through lawful representation and negotiation. Special repayment and restructuring can provide a consensual route for resolving problematic financing. Intimidation, mass pressure, collateral concealment, and obstruction may create administrative, civil, or criminal consequences. Keywords : Community Organizations, Non-Performing Loans, Creditor Protection, Fiduciary Guarantees, Socio-Legal Research]]>
