Wardani Aziz
Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Satirical Cultural Criticism In Digital Podcasts Constitutes Legally Protected Expression: Kritik Budaya Satir Dalam Podcast Digital Merupakan Ekspresi Yang Dilindungi Hukum Wardani Aziz; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i3.1710

Abstract

General Background Media technology expansion has broadened opportunities for public discourse, frequently creating legal tension between constitutional rights and statutory restrictions regarding hate speech. Specific Background The Musuh Masyarakat audio broadcast titled "Indonesian Culture and Traditions Do Not Need to Be Preserved" sparked public controversy by employing irony and sarcasm to question state-enforced tradition preservation. Knowledge Gap Existing legal scholarship predominantly focuses on conventional social networks, leaving a scarcity of normative evaluations that test audio-on-demand comedy against updated national legislative frameworks. Aims This normative juridical study examines whether the controversial broadcast qualifies as lawful opinion or criminal hate speech under Indonesian positive law. Results Evaluating the transcript through Jürgen Habermas's deliberative democracy theory and statutory parameters reveals that the speakers target government socialization strategies and social phenomena rather than attacking specific group identities. Furthermore, the cumulative material elements of Article 28 paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 2024 and Article 243 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 2023 are not fulfilled because the broadcast lacks intent to incite hostility, discrimination, or violence based on ethnicity, religion, race, or intergroup relations. Novelty This research establishes a structured five-variable normative matrix combining constitutional guarantees, electronic information regulations, criminal statutes, and communicative action theory to evaluate audio comedy. Implications The findings provide essential legal parameters for law enforcement and content creators to distinguish between legitimate public policy evaluation and unlawful hostility within democratic discourse. Highlights: Audio broadcasts evaluating government socialization policies and tradition preservation represent valid democratic discourse. Cumulative material elements of hate speech under Law Number 1 of 2024 and Law Number 1 of 2023 remain unfulfilled. Deliberative democracy parameters distinguish rational public policy debates from unlawful identity-based hostility. Keywords: Freedom Of Expression, Hate Speech, Normative Juridical, Deliberative Democracy, Audio Broadcast