<![CDATA[General Background: Public health protection is a constitutional state obligation, yet digital trade expansion has increased consumer vulnerability to unsafe commodities. Specific Background: Throughout the first semester of 2025, the Directorate of Cyber Drugs and Food identified 79,015 links of illegal or dangerous products circulating on e-commerce platforms. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies largely focused on the weaknesses of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM), leaving the specific monitoring role of Electronic System Operators (PSE) and E-Commerce Operators (PPMSE) underexplored. Aims: This study analyzes the role of PSE or PPMSE in monitoring online drug and food circulation and its legal consequences for consumer and merchant protection. Results: Using a normative legal method with a statutory approach, findings demonstrate that BPOM Regulation Number 14 of 2024 in conjunction with BPOM Regulation Number 30 of 2025 reflects formal and material legal certainty by expanding legal subjects to include PPMSE, mandating substantive safety and distribution permit standards, and affirming that administrative sanctions do not eliminate criminal liability. PSE monitoring operates across preventive, repressive, consumer protection, and coordinative dimensions, shifting platform responsibility from safe harbour to intermediary liability, although notice and takedown mechanisms remain reactive. Novelty: This research conceptualizes the regulatory shift toward collaborative digital gatekeeping and intermediary liability under the updated BPOM legal framework. Implications: Strengthening online supervision requires integrating BPOM distribution permit databases with platform systems, enforcing strict merchant verification, and ensuring transparent consumer complaint mechanisms. Highlights: Updated regulatory frameworks establish legal certainty by mandating e-commerce platforms to verify merchant identities alongside distribution permits. Platform operators transition from safe harbour immunity toward intermediary liability across preventive, repressive, protective, plus coordinative dimensions. Reactive notice and takedown procedures require database integration with authorities alongside stricter merchant verification to protect consumers. Keywords: Electronic System Operators, Online Drug Circulation, Processed Food Supervision, Intermediary Liability, Consumer Protection]]>
