<![CDATA[Background: This article examines the evidentiary strength of notarial deeds in the DENZA trademark dispute between BYD Company Limited and PT Worcas Nusantara Abadi within Indonesia’s first-to-file trademark system. The dispute highlights the relationship between registration priority, ownership statements, good faith, and evidence of trademark transfer in litigation. Objective: This study aims to analyze the role and evidentiary value of notarial deeds in determining trademark ownership, transfer validity, and legal certainty within Indonesia’s trademark registration framework. Methods: This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The analysis examines trademark regulations, civil evidentiary principles concerning authentic deeds, notarial law, and Decision Number 1/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Merek/2025/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. jo. Supreme Court Decision Number 1338 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025. Results: The findings show that trademark registration in Indonesia follows a constitutive system, where first-to-file priority must be accompanied by good faith and valid ownership evidence. In the DENZA dispute, the notarial deed did not create trademark rights but functioned as authentic evidence of trademark transfer. Its evidentiary strength became significant when supported by recordal evidence from the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI). This study contributes by connecting the evidentiary function of notarial deeds with trademark administration and dispute resolution. Conclusion: Notarial deeds provide legal certainty in intellectual property transactions; however, courts must distinguish between contractual transfer, administrative recordal, and substantive trademark validity. The findings offer implications for notarial practice, trademark litigation, and intellectual property governance in Indonesia.]]>
