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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Smart Society: Community Service and Empowerment Journal
Yanuarius Ricardus Natal
STKIP Citra Bakti, Indonesia
Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Developing a Traditional Wela Maka Game-Based Throwing Skills Assessment Instrument for Elementary School Students Yanuarius Ricardus Natal; Bernabas Wani; Fulgensius Elpianus Kira
Smart Society Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Smart Society
Publisher : FOUNDAE (Foundation of Advanced Education)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/6j67qy97

Abstract

Fundamental movement skills are central to elementary school physical education, yet throwing assessments often emphasize outcomes while giving limited attention to movement processes and culturally familiar activity contexts. This study developed a throwing-skill assessment instrument integrated with the traditional Wela Maka game for elementary school students. A Research and Development (R&D) approach adapted from the Borg and Gall model included product analysis, literature and field study, development planning, internal design testing, expert validation, revision, limited-scale testing, main field testing, and final refinement. Data were collected through observation, interviews, expert-validation questionnaires, and the developed assessment sheets and analyzed descriptively using percentages and qualitative feedback. Expert validation averaged 90.83%, the limited-scale trial 88.12%, and the main field trial 92.68%. The findings support the instrument’s feasibility and practicality for observing throwing processes and outcomes in a game-based context. The final product includes Wela Maka procedures, throwing-skill indicators, an assessment rubric, scoring guidance, and teacher instructions. Because inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were not comprehensively examined, the results represent developmental feasibility and usability rather than complete psychometric validation.
Co-Authors Bernabas Wani Fulgensius Elpianus Kira