<![CDATA[Background: Mangrove ecosystems are shaped by environmental conditions and species-specific characteristics. In Nagari Mandeh, West Sumatra, nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) is abundant, but information on its spatial distribution and relationship with river distance remains limited. This study quantified its density and frequency, examined spatial distribution, assessed its relationship with river distance, and mapped its occurrence. Methodology: The study was conducted from November to December 2024 using purposive sampling and a 10-m-wide × 200-m-long belt transect from the riverbank. Twenty 10 × 10 m plots were established. Spatial distribution was assessed using the Morisita index, the relationship between river distance and abundance using simple linear regression, and coordinates were mapped using QGIS. Environmental relationships were examined using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Findings: A total of 568 individuals were recorded across 2,000 m², with a density of 0.284 individuals m⁻² and a frequency of 95%. The Morisita index was 1.16, indicating a clustered distribution. Abundance decreased significantly with increasing river distance (Y= −0.1829X + 47.6; R² = 0.7162; r = −0.846; p < 0.001). Mapping showed concentration near the riverbank, occupying 1,630 m² (>75% of the sampled area). CCA indicated no strong association with measured environmental variables. Contributions: N. fruticans exhibited high abundance, frequent occurrence, and a clustered distribution. Its abundance decreased with increasing river distance, highlighting the importance of the river-to-inland gradient and providing a baseline for monitoring and site-specific management]]>
