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All Journal Noumerico: Journal of Technology in Mathematics Education
Sindi Setiandari
Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong
Computer Science & IT Education Mathematics Social Sciences

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From Concrete to Abstract: Mapping the Zone of Proximal Development through Dynamic Assessment and Scaffolding in Grade VII Algebra Learning Sindi Setiandari; Sahidi; Syamsulrizal
Noumerico: Journal of Technology in Mathematics Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Noumerico, September 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Tribakti Lirboyo Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33367/jtme.v4i2.9903

Abstract

This study mapped Grade VII students’ operational Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in algebra and examined score changes across a concrete–semi-concrete–abstract instructional sequence supported by differentiated scaffolding. This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study involved 32 students at SMP Negeri 11 Kabupaten Sorong during the 2024/2025 academic year, with data collected from February to April 2025. Instruments comprised a 20-item Algebra Diagnostic Test (Aiken’s V = 0.87; Cronbach’s α = 0.847), a graduated Dynamic Assessment Protocol, a scaffolding observation sheet, and semi-structured clinical interviews. We summarized quantitative data descriptively and analyzed them using paired Wilcoxon tests, while we analyzed qualitative data thematically and integrated them with the quantitative findings. Dynamic assessment classified 53.13% of students at Level 2, 25.00% at Level 1, 15.63% at Level 3, and 6.25% at Level 0. Mean scores increased from 52.34 at baseline to 81.88 after the abstract phase. Pairwise Wilcoxon comparisons were statistically significant (p < 0.001), with rank-biserial effect estimates ranging from 0.855 to 0.874. Qualitative findings showed differentiated scaffolding patterns across ZPD levels. The results provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of the Z-CRA framework linking dynamic assessment, representational progression, and contingent scaffolding; controlled studies should examine causal effectiveness.
Co-Authors Sahidi Syamsulrizal