<![CDATA[This study examines the effectiveness of law enforcement against mangrove degradation in Langsa City and analyzes the interaction between environmental law, gampong customary mechanisms, and Islamic criminal law (jinayat). It employs an empirical juridical method with a socio-legal approach and a descriptive-analytical design. Field research was conducted in August 2026 in Kuala Langsa. Primary data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with the Head of the Langsa City Environmental Agency and the Keuchik of Kuala Langsa Village, selected purposively to represent environmental governance and village-level practice. Secondary data were drawn from legislation, qanun, academic literature, previous research, and documented news reports. Data were analyzed qualitatively through source triangulation and operationalized using Soerjono Soekanto’s five factors of law enforcement effectiveness: legal substance, law enforcers, facilities, society, and legal culture. The findings show that the formal legal basis for mangrove protection is relatively adequate, but enforcement effectiveness is constrained by limited monitoring personnel, facilities, time, and the absence of specific village-level customary norms on mangrove cutting. Village responses remain predominantly preventive and restorative through warnings, guidance, deliberation, and ecological awareness, while a documented 2024 case demonstrates that criminal instruments may be used when concrete evidence and alleged criminal elements exist. The conceptual contribution of this study lies in positioning mangrove protection within an Acehnese ecological legal pluralism framework that connects national environmental law, gampong customary mechanisms, and jinayat values. Fasad fi al-ardh, maqasid al-shariah, and hifz al-bi’ah provide an ethical-normative basis for ecological protection, whereas ta’zir may only have positive legal consequences when formally regulated through qanun in accordance with legality, proportionality, and harmonization with national law. Green criminology is used as a supporting perspective to explain cumulative and low-visibility environmental harm.]]>
