<![CDATA[Melia azedarach L. is a medicinal plant traditionally used in various communities and is known to contain chemically diverse phytoconstituents. This study aimed to characterize and compare the phytochemical profiles of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of M. azedarach fruit using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The three extracts showed distinct chemical profiles that reflected differences in solvent polarity. The methanolic extract produced 14 chromatographic peaks corresponding to 42 possible compounds and was dominated by cis-vaccenic acid (55.35%), 17-octadecynoic acid (19.11%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (8.71%). The ethyl acetate extract contained 15 peaks corresponding to 45 possible compounds, with cis-vaccenic acid (30.23%), heptadecane, 2,6,10,15-tetramethyl- (16.38%), and β-sitosterol-related compounds (9.26%) as the major constituents. The n-hexane extract showed the greatest number of chromatographic peaks, with 28 peaks corresponding to 84 possible compounds, and was dominated by hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (29.67%), 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (19.42%), farnesyl bromide (12.49%), and cis-vaccenic acid (7.55%). Overall, the extracts were characterized predominantly by fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and lower-abundance terpenoid-, triterpenoid-, and sterol-related constituents. The differences among the three extracts demonstrate the influence of solvent polarity on the phytochemical composition of M. azedarach fruit. Because compound assignments were based primarily on GC-MS library matching, the identified constituents should be considered tentative until confirmed using authentic standards or complementary structural techniques. These findings provide a comparative chemical profile of M. azedarach fruit and a basis for further compound confirmation and targeted biological evaluation.]]>
