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All Journal Civil Engineering Dimension
Ridhwan Afnan Primadika
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Numerical Investigation of Seismic Responses of Fault-Crossing Segmental Water Conveyance Tunnel Ridhwan Afnan Primadika; Teuku Faisal Fathani; Fikri Faris
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.145-158

Abstract

Tunnels are important infrastructures, but faults and internal water pressure can reduce their seismic performance. These risks are relevant in seismic regions including Indonesia. Although finite element methods are used to analyze tunnel behavior, models with continuous linings overestimate stresses, while the influence of segmental joints remains underexplored. This study investigates the seismic response of the Bener Dam diversion tunnel, Central Java, Indonesia, which crosses an inactive fault and uses segmental lining, using nonlinear time-history finite element analysis. Three scenarios were analyzed: presence versus absence of a fault, empty versus water-filled conditions, and continuous versus jointed linings. The results indicated that fault-crossing tunnels are most vulnerable to horizontal slip, especially under pulse-like earthquakes, with strains concentrated near faults. Water minimally affects deformation but increases internal stress, while segmental joints elevate peak strain yet localize damage. These findings highlighted the need to consider fault, water, and joint effects in seismic tunnel design.
Co-Authors Faris, Fikri Teuku Faisal Fathani