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Dwi Putri Milla Puspita Ayu
Institut Tarumanagara
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Physical Independence among Preschool Children Aged 3–5 Years at Bukit Mulia School, North Jakarta Dwi Putri Milla Puspita Ayu; Roza Indra Yeni
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): August - October
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v6i4.1374

Abstract

Independence is an individual's ability to regulate and manage themselves without relying on their parents. The development of children's personality, particularly their independence, is strongly influenced by the parenting style practiced within the family. Appropriate parenting can enhance children's independence, whereas inappropriate parenting may hinder its development. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting styles and the level of physical independence among preschool children aged 3–5 years at Bukit Mulia School, North Jakarta. This study employed a quantitative correlational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was used, involving 55 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Most respondents demonstrated good parenting, and 26 children (89.7%) were classified as physically independent. The Chi-square analysis yielded p = 0.000 < 0.05, with no cells having an expected count of zero. There was a significant relationship between parenting styles and physical independence among children aged 3–5 years at Bukit Mulia School, North Jakarta.
Co-Authors Roza Indra Yeni