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Reza Fahrepi
Strada Indonesia University

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Government Policy Strategies in Accelerating Stunting Reduction in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review Reza Fahrepi
Proceeding of the International Conference on Health Sciences and Nursing Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): June: Proceeding of the International Conference on Health Sciences and Nursing
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/ichsn.v3i1.229

Abstract

Indonesia faces a persistent stunting crisis, with the national prevalence declining from 37.2% (2013) to 21.6% (2023) yet still exceeding the WHO threshold of 20%. Despite extensive governmental interventions including Perpres 72/2021 and multi-sector convergence programs, evidence on which policy strategies most effectively accelerate stunting reduction remains fragmented across disciplines. To systematically synthesize and critically evaluate evidence on government policy strategies for stunting reduction in Indonesia, identify patterns, contradictions, and research gaps, and propose a conceptual framework for policy effectiveness. A systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Four databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect) were searched using a PICOS-guided strategy. Quality appraisal used standardized tools (JBI, NOS, Cochrane RoB 2, CASP, MMAT). Thirty-four studies published 2014–2024 were included. Seven policy domains emerged: (1) specific nutrition interventions (strongest RCT evidence; HAZ improvements +0.24–+0.35 SD); (2) WASH policies; (3) social protection programs (PKH+BPNT combined OR 0.72); (4) village fund nutrition allocation; (5) community health empowerment; (6) multi-sector governance under Perpres 72/2021; and (7) digital health surveillance. Significant heterogeneity exists across regions, particularly disadvantaging Eastern Indonesia. Multi-sector, community-anchored policy integration delivers the most robust stunting reductions. However, critical evidence gaps remain in digital health surveillance, culturally responsive policy for indigenous populations, and rigorous evaluation of decentralized governance. A new Integrated Policy Effectiveness Framework (IPEF) for stunting reduction is proposed.
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