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Ferawati Ferawati
Strada Indonesia University

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Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia: A Literature Review Ferawati Ferawati
Proceeding of the International Conference on Health Sciences and Nursing Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): June: Proceeding of the International Conference on Health Sciences and Nursing
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/ichsn.v3i1.230

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic beta-cell function. Indonesia faces a significant burden of T2DM, with the country ranked among the top ten nations globally with the highest prevalence of diabetes. This literature review aims to identify and synthesize evidence regarding the risk factors associated with the development of T2DM among the Indonesian population. A systematic search was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and GARUDA, covering publications from 2015 to 2024. A total of 25 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Findings indicate that the major risk factors for T2DM in Indonesia include overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary patterns, family history of diabetes, advancing age (particularly above 45 years), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and gestational diabetes history. Lifestyle-related factors, particularly sedentary behavior and high-carbohydrate dietary habits common in Indonesian food culture, were consistently identified across studies. Socioeconomic factors, low health literacy, and limited access to healthcare also contributed significantly, particularly in rural settings. This review underscores the need for comprehensive public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors, alongside strengthening early detection programs and community-based health education in Indonesia. Keywords:
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