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All Journal ELS Journal On Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities
Andi Ummu Kalzum
Universitas Sulawesi Barat
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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A Quasi-Experimental Study: Integrating To’dopuli Mandar into Debate Camp for the Development of Senior High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Nirmala Ayuningtyas; Mardewi Mardewi; Jey Firdaus; Abd. Rahman; Andi Ummu Kalzum; Rahmatullah Syaripuddin
ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34050/gfgjxk75

Abstract

Critical thinking is a core twenty-first-century competency essential for addressing complex global challenges. However, PISA 2022 results indicate that Indonesian students’ critical thinking skills remain relatively low, partly due to teacher-centered and less contextualized learning practices. This study examines the effectiveness of a To’dopuli Mandar-based Debate Camp model in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group design involving two eleventh-grade classes at SMAN 2 Majene. Data were collected through a validated critical thinking test and analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U test, and N-Gain analysis. The results show a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.001), with an N-Gain score of 0.49, indicating a moderate level of improvement. These findings suggest that while the model effectively enhances critical thinking development., the development of higher-order thinking skills remains gradual and requires sustained instructional support. This study highlights that the effectiveness of debate-based learning should be understood not only in terms of measurable improvement but also in relation to the depth and progression of cognitive
Co-Authors Abd. Rahman Jey Firdaus Mardewi Mardewi Nirmala Ayuningtyas Rahmatullah Syaripuddin