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Militia Arum Maharani
Universitas Esa Unggul
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Differences in Rumination Among Unemployed Young Adults in Bekasi City Based on Gender Militia Arum Maharani; Adi Fahrudin
Outline Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Outline Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61730/m9ga9958

Abstract

This study aims to determine the differences in rumination among unemployed emerging adults in Bekasi City based on gender. This study employed a quantitative approach with a comparative research design. The participants consisted of 285 individuals, including 128 males and 157 females, aged 18-29 years, residing in Bekasi City, and currently unemployed while seeking employment or preparing to start a business. Rumination was measured using the Rumination Response Scale (RRS), consisting of 19 valid and reliable items. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test because rumination data in both male and female groups were not normally distributed. The results showed a significant difference in rumination between males and females, with p = 0.005 (p < 0.05). The female group had a Mean Rank of 147.60, while the male group had a Mean Rank of 139.25, indicating that females had higher levels of rumination than males. An additional analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference in rumination based on the length of unemployment, with p = 0.667 (p > 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a difference in rumination among unemployed emerging adults in Bekasi City based on gender, with females demonstrating higher levels of rumination than males.
Co-Authors Adi Fahrudin