<![CDATA[Purpose: This study examines whether financial literacy and digital finance access are associated with the performance of Indonesian micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, both directly and through financial inclusion. It addresses the limited evidence on financial inclusion as a common mechanism connecting both antecedents to performance while distinguishing digital access from the actual, suitable, and sustained use of financial services. Method: A cross-sectional survey analyzed 200 eligible Indonesian micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises selected through purposive sampling. Partial least squares structural equation modelling assessed the measurement model, direct relationships, and prespecified indirect relationships. Results: Financial literacy was positively associated with financial inclusion and enterprise performance, while digital finance access was positively associated with financial inclusion and performance. Financial inclusion had the strongest direct association with performance and showed complementary partial mediation for financial literacy and digital finance access. All paths were significant except financial literacy to performance. Implications & Recommendations: Owners and managers should connect financial knowledge and digital access with regular, suitable service use through digital-payment reconciliation, separate business accounts, weekly cash-flow monitoring, and planned savings. Providers and policymakers should emphasize usable products, transparent fees, reliable infrastructure, security, and consumer support. Contribution & Value Added: The study provides an incremental empirical and contextual contribution by testing financial inclusion as a shared mechanism for two distinct antecedents among Indonesian enterprises.]]>
