<![CDATA[Abstract. Utami IRP, Nugraha FA, Dewi NM. 2026 Assessing the sustainability of shallot farming in Indonesia based on evidence from Demak District, Central Java. Asian J Agric 10 (2): g100225. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100225. Shallot (Allium cepa) is an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia. However, it relies on high-input chemical-intensive production, which raises concerns about the environment and resilience. This study aims to assess the sustainability of shallot farming in Demak District, Central Java, in a multidimensional context (ecological, economic, social, institutional, and technological). Data from 175 farmers were analyzed using the Rap-Shalfarm approach and multiple regression. The results showed that shallot cultivation was at a good level of sustainability in all aspects. However, ecological performance is related to controlled pesticide use and mixed fertilization practices, and reflects the current relative system performance rather than an ecologically optimal or low-input model. Economic performance is strongly affected by input intensity and access to finance, while institutional sustainability is strongly affected by credit, which could increase dependence on agrochemicals. Leverage analysis finds 11 critical target attributes for intervention, including pesticide use, organic fertilizer, labor, farmer exchange rates, human capital, financial access, technology, and infrastructure. Regression results indicate that recommending fertilizer positively affects income, while organic fertilizer use and farming experience negatively affect income under the current conditions. The paper shows that the sustainability of shallot farming is characterized by trade-offs across dimensions, not a balanced system, and recommends policies to support resource efficiency, environmentally oriented financing, capacity building of farmers, and rural infrastructure improvement.]]>
