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Lela Santika
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Education

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Developing Constructivism-Based Multimedia E-Module for Adaptive Physical Education of Deaf Student Lela Santika; Nur Azizah; Bayu Pamungkas
Journal Coaching Education Sports Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31599/2cx9wk70

Abstract

Adaptive physical education for deaf students in Indonesian special schools still relies on verbal instruction and printed materials that poorly match these learners' visual characteristics. This study developed and tested the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of a multimedia-based adaptive physical education e-module grounded in a constructivist approach. A research and development design with the 4D model (define, design, develop, limited disseminate) was applied, involving 52 deaf students in grades VII–VIII and four teachers across four special schools in Medan, three expert validators, and a one-group pretest-posttest effectiveness test. Expert validation averaged 92.53% (very valid): 93.60% content, 92.00% media, and 92.00% special education. The small-group trial yielded practicality ratings of 91.00% from students and 88.75% from teachers (very practical). In the large-group trial, understanding of adaptive movement increased from a pretest mean of 52.35 to 78.65, with an N-Gain of 0.552 (moderate), t(51) = 27.641, p < 0.001, and Cohen's d = 3.37; motivation rose by 34.72% and engagement from 58.30% to 87.50%. As the first e-module integrating sign-language-embedded multimedia, three-level constructivist scaffolding, and comprehensive adaptive physical education content for deaf learners, the product proved valid, practical, and effective.
Co-Authors Bayu Pamungkas Nur Azizah