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All Journal Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Patar Hutagalung
Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia
Health Professions Public Health

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The Relationship Between Vital Lung Capacity and Physical Fitness Frisca Ronauli Batubara; Dies Marentek; Achnes Pangaribuan; Patar Hutagalung
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28691

Abstract

Physical fitness is an important determinant of health and functional capacity among medical students, who are exposed to substantial academic demands and often experience sedentary lifestyles. Although pulmonary function is physiologically relevant to cardiorespiratory performance, evidence regarding the association between vital lung capacity and physical fitness among medical students remains limited and inconsistent, particularly in the Indonesian medical education setting. Re-examining this relationship is important because identifying potentially modifiable pulmonary and fitness-related factors may provide an evidence base for targeted preventive programs within medical education institutions. This study aimed to determine the association between vital lung capacity and physical fitness among medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Class of 2023. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 57 FK UKI medical students who met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Vital lung capacity was measured using a spirometer and categorized according to the applicable reference criteria. Physical fitness was assessed using the Harvard Step Test and classified into fitness categories based on the resulting Physical Fitness Index. The association between vital lung capacity and physical fitness was analyzed using the Chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The magnitude of the association was assessed using an odds ratio (OR). Most respondents had low lung vital capacity and moderate physical fitness levels. The results of the bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between lung vital capacity and physical fitness level (p < 0.000), OR, 0.133; and 95% CI 0.054-0.332. Vital lung capacity was significantly associated with physical fitness among FK UKI medical students. Medical education institutions should incorporate structured cardiorespiratory fitness screening and regular aerobic exercise programs into student health initiatives, particularly for students identified with reduced pulmonary function or low fitness levels. Periodic monitoring of pulmonary function and physical fitness may provide an actionable preventive strategy to support student health and functional capacity throughout medical education. Keywords: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Function Tests, Health Promotion, Spirometry, Pulmonary.
The Relationship Between Noise Intensity and Hearing Loss In Security Workers Fransiskus Harf Poluan; Vidi Posdo A. Simarmata; Ditta Suhita Dewi Asnul; Patar Hutagalung
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 3 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i3.28673

Abstract

Occupational noise exposure is an important risk factor for hearing loss, particularly among workers exposed to elevated noise levels over prolonged periods. To analyze the association between workplace noise intensity and hearing loss among security guards at Jatinegara Station in 2024. This analytical study used a cross-sectional design and included 38 security guards. Workplace noise intensity was measured using a sound level meter, while respondent characteristics, duration of employment, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and hearing complaints were collected using questionnaires. Associations between noise intensity, age, duration of employment, and hearing loss were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test when expected cell counts were <5. Crude prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each comparison. Hearing loss was present in 22 of 34 workers (64.7%) exposed to noise levels ≥85 dB and 2 of 4 workers (50.0%) exposed to ≤85 dB. Fisher’s exact test showed no significant association between noise intensity and hearing loss (p=0.616; crude PR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.47–3.56). Among workers aged ≥40 years, 7 of 11 (63.6%) had hearing loss compared with 17 of 27 (62.9%) among those aged ≤40 years (p=0.970; crude PR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.59–1.72). Hearing loss occurred in 12 of 18 workers (66.7%) with ≥3 years of service and 12 of 20 (60.0%) with ≤3 years of service (p=0.681; crude PR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.68–1.80). No statistically significant associations were identified between the examined factors and hearing loss. Although the prevalence of hearing loss was numerically higher among workers exposed to ≥85 dB and those with longer employment duration, these differences were not statistically significant. The wide confidence intervals, particularly for noise exposure, indicate substantial uncertainty in the estimates, partly because of the small number of workers in the ≤85 dB exposure group. No significant association was found between noise intensity and hearing loss among security guards at Jatinegara Station. The findings should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and the limited number of workers in the ≤85 dB exposure group. Continued efforts to control workplace noise and improve compliance with hearing protection measures remain relevant for occupational hearing-loss prevention. Keywords: Hearing Loss, Noise Intensity, Security Guards, Risk Factors.
Co-Authors Achnes Pangaribuan Dies Marentek Ditta Suhita Dewi Asnul Fransiskus Harf Poluan Frisca Ronauli Batubara Vidi Posdo A. Simarmata