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Eldina Fatimah
Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Breakwater Layout Optimization for Controlling Seasonal Wave-Induced Sediment Deposition in a Semi-Enclosed Port Eldina Fatimah; Amir Fauzi; Nailul Authar; Nina Shaskia
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 9 (2026): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-09-022

Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate how seasonal wave forcing and alternative breakwater layouts control sediment deposition in a semi-enclosed monsoonal port. The analysis was conducted using a coupled Delft3D hydrodynamic, wave, and morphodynamic modeling framework for Ulee Lheue Harbor, Banda Aceh, supported by measured tides, ADCP current profiles, bathymetry, wind records, and non-cohesive sediment characteristics. Four structural scenarios were examined under dominant northwest, north, and northeast monsoonal wave conditions: the existing layout, a 100 m eastern extension, a 250 m western extension, and a combined extension. The findings show that the baseline condition produced the largest annual-equivalent deposition volume of 51,215.13 m³/year, confirming that the present entrance geometry traps wave-driven sediment. The eastern extension reduced deposition to 37,321.11 m³/year while maintaining comparatively stable circulation, whereas the western extension mainly redistributed sediment, producing 47,200.58 m³/year of accretion. The combined extension resulted in the lowest deposition, 33,200.52 m³/year, but generated concentrated entrance scouring. The novelty and improvement of this study lie in demonstrating that a moderate, directionally aligned extension can provide a more practical sediment-management solution than a maximum-deposition-reduction layout when navigation safety, scour risk, and constructability are jointly considered.
Co-Authors Amir Fauzi Nailul Authar Nina Shaskia