<![CDATA[Indonesia’s rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the importance of reliable public charging infrastructure. PT PLN (Persero) has expanded its Public Electric Vehicle Charging Station (SPKLU) network in DKI Jakarta; however, expansion has not generated proportional revenue growth. PLN’s internal data indicate that SPKLU revenue reached approximately IDR 14.59 billion from January to November 2025, while revenue growth declined from approximately 375% in 2024 to 16% in 2025. This study examines the factors underlying uneven SPKLU revenue, evaluates expansion strategies, and proposes a redesigned business model to improve asset utilisation and revenue sustainability. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative phase analysed PLN operational data from 2021 to November 2025 and survey responses from 399 EV users in DKI Jakarta using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, Pearson’s chi-square test, Cramer’s V, and multiple linear regression. The qualitative phase involved interviews with PLN representatives, a business partner, and EV users, supported by document analysis, regulatory review, competitor assessment, and international benchmarking. Findings indicate that administrative city is not significantly associated with SPKLU usage frequency, whereas home-charging availability is strongly associated with public-charging frequency. The regression model explained 62.5% of the variance in usage intention, with supporting facilities showing the largest relative contribution. The study proposes a demand-led and standardised SPKLU portfolio comprising Medium and Mega Charging Hubs, supported by asset reallocation, digital enhancement, partnership strengthening, and continuous performance monitoring.]]>
