<![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease and a major cause of illness and death globally. It arises from defective insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both, producing sustained hyperglycemia that leads to progressive organ dysfunction and reduced quality of life. Poorly controlled diabetes is associated with serious complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, vision loss, peripheral neuropathy, chronic wounds, and lower-limb amputation. Modifiable behaviors, including high intake of sugary foods and drinks, physical inactivity, smoking, and harmful alcohol use, markedly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The rising prevalence of T2DM is a significant public health concern in Kupang City. This study aimed to explore the determinants associated with T2DM among patients attending Oepoi Community Health Center, Kupang City. A descriptive case study design was used. Data were gathered through structured, in-depth interviews with three purposively selected T2DM patients, covering demographics, medical history, risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment experiences, and blood glucose self-management practices. All participants were women aged 55–70 years who had lived with T2DM for two to more than five years. Excessive consumption of sugary foods and beverages was the predominant behavioral risk factor, while some participants also reported tobacco and alcohol use. Commonly reported symptoms included fatigue, polydipsia, frequent urination, headache, chest pain, and shortness of breath. These findings suggest that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may contribute to the onset and progression of T2DM among vulnerable urban populations, underscoring the need for targeted health promotion and preventive interventions.]]>
