<![CDATA[Online learning has become increasingly common because it provides flexibility, accessibility, and opportunities for independent learning in universities. However, students may encounter technological, academic, social, and motivational difficulties that reduce the effectiveness of online classes. This study aims to identify the challenges experienced by university students in online classes and understand how these challenges influence their learning experiences. A qualitative approach was employed through interviews with 10 university students at Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. Interview responses were analyzed by identifying common patterns and grouping similar responses into major themes. The findings reveal four challenges: unstable internet connections, limited interaction between students and lecturers, reduced learning motivation, and difficulty understanding learning materials. Unstable connectivity disrupted students’ participation and caused them to miss parts of lessons. Limited interaction reduced opportunities to ask questions and participate actively. Students reported lower motivation because of distractions at home, including social media, family activities, and other responsibilities. In addition, insufficient lecturer explanations and reliance on digital materials made learning difficult. The study concludes that online learning challenges are interconnected and require technological and pedagogical support. Reliable internet access, interactive teaching strategies, clear explanations, and supportive learning environments are needed to improve students’ online learning experiences.]]>
