Suthana Tingsabhat
Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Analysis of Validity and Reliability of Gross Motor Tests in Children in Phase B Suthana Tingsabhat; Termpetch Sookhanaphibarn; Putri Nur Alifah; Cahyo Wibowo; Briyan May Syahputra
Journal of Fundamental Movement Skills Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): JFMS
Publisher : PT Smart Motion Technology and Education

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Abstract

Physical education in elementary schools is crucial for improving students' gross motor skills, especially in Phase B, which is a crucial stage in children's motor skill development. Therefore, a valid and reliable instrument is needed to evaluate gross motor skills so that the results can be used objectively as a basis for developing educational objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and reliability of gross motor skills tests in Phase B elementary school students. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional and descriptive analysis design. The subjects were Phase B elementary school students who participated in gross motor skill measurements during one data collection period. The gross motor examination that assessed manipulative, locomotor, and non-locomotor skills was used as a research tool. Product Moment Correlation was used for validity testing, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used for reliability testing. The majority of test items had significant correlation coefficients (p < 0.05), according to the results of the study, and were considered valid; however, several questions needed to be revised because they did not meet validity requirements. The instrument demonstrated reliable internal consistency, as indicated by the Cronbach's Alpha rating of 0.71 in reliability testing. Therefore, the gross motor skills test is considered suitable as a tool to evaluate gross motor skills in elementary school students in Phase B, although some aspects need to be improved to enhance the overall quality of the instrument.
Relationship Between Fundamental Movement Skills Proficiency and Physical Fitness Among Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students Syed Kamaruzaman bin Syed Ali; Suthana Tingsabhat; Naufal Krisna Akbar Ananta
Journal of Fundamental Movement Skills Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): JFMS
Publisher : PT Smart Motion Technology and Education

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Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) are an important part of children’s gross motor development. Their association with physical fitness has been reported in previous studies, but evidence among elementary school students in Indonesia is still limited. This study examined FMS proficiency and physical fitness among fourth-grade students at SDN 03 Kanigoro, Madiun City. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using an analytic observational approach. The population consisted of 28 students, and 27 students were included in the analysis through purposive sampling because one student was absent due to illness. FMS was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition (TGMD-3), and physical fitness was assessed using the Tes Kebugaran Pelajar Nusantara (TKPN). Category distributions were described using descriptive statistics. The association between FMS proficiency and physical fitness was examined with the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test because the requirements for Pearson’s chi-square test were not met. Among the 27 students, 37.0% were classified as Impaired or delayed. For physical fitness, 51.9% were classified as Fair and 48.1% as Good. The Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test gave an Exact Sig. (2-sided) value of 0.514, showing no statistically significant association between FMS proficiency and physical fitness. The findings suggest that FMS and physical fitness should both be considered in elementary school physical education.