<![CDATA[Indonesian tropical peatlands contain large carbon stocks (estimated at 13.4-21.0 Mha depending on mapping methodology) and host microorganisms adapted to acidic, water-saturated, and nutrient-limited conditions (typically pH 3.0-5.5 across different regions). This literature review synthesizes evidence on cellulose-degrading bacteria and fungi reported from Indonesia peat soil, their distribution across peat types and depths, the evidence used to demonstrate cellulolytic activity, and potential biotechnological applications. Following a structured search protocol across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published up to 2026, and relevant studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria and quality appraisal. Available studies report cellulolytic taxa including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Trichoderma, but the strength of functional evidence varies among studies. Reported isolates are most frequently documented from surface layers (0-20 cm) across study sites, though findings remain localized. Geographic coverage remains uneven. Potential applications include ex-situ enzyme production, controlled processing of agricultural lignocellulosic residues, and biomass valorization. Applications aimed at field-scale inoculation or biofertilization reguire evaluation of strain safety, rhizosphere competence, and field performance. Enhancing cellulose degradation in-situ must be clearly decoupled from hydrological restoration, which prioritizes water-table management and carbon preservation. A systematic evidence map is needed before generalizing patterns nationally or recommending field-scale applications.]]>
