Mula Tarigan
Program Studi Magister Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Keperawatan, Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Pengaruh penerapan protokol rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) terhadap intensitas nyeri pada pasien trauma ortopedi Nurul Huda Afifah; Dudut Tanjung; Rika Endah Nurhidayah; Andriandi Andriandi; Mula Tarigan
Hik Vol. 20 No. 6 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 6
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i6.3456

Abstract

Background: Orthopedic trauma is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with pain being the most common complaint requiring comprehensive management. The RICE protocol (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) is a non-pharmacological intervention that works through vasoconstriction, immobilization, enhanced lymphatic drainage, and tissue stabilization mechanisms to reduce pain intensity during the acute phase of injury. Purpose: To determine the effect of the RICE protocol on pain intensity among orthopedic trauma patients. Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group approach. A total of 60 participants were recruited through purposive sampling and divided into an intervention group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The findings showed a significant reduction in pain intensity in the intervention group after receiving the RICE protocol (p = 0.000), whereas the control group receiving standard therapy showed no significant change (p = 0.180). Furthermore, comparison between the intervention and control groups demonstrated a statistically significant difference in pain intensity (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The RICE protocol is effective in reducing pain intensity among orthopedic trauma patients and can be recommended as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention for pain management in orthopedic trauma care.   Keywords: Non-Pharmacological Intervention; Numeric Rating Scale; Orthopedic Trauma; Pain Intensity; RICE Protocol
Efektivitas diabetes self management education (DSME) berbasis text message terhadap kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 Tika Harnita Harahap; Mula Tarigan; Diah Arruum
Hik Vol. 20 No. 6 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 6
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i6.3478

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease requiring long-term management to prevent complications and improve patients' quality of life. Text message-based Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is an effective, accessible, and sustainable educational method to support self-management among patients with Type 2 diabetes. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of text message-based Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) on the quality of life of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The sample consisted of 68 participants—divided into a control group (n=34) and an intervention group (n=34)—recruited from a community health center in Medan using purposive sampling. Patients' quality of life was measured using the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQoL) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: A significant improvement in quality of life was observed in the intervention group following the text message-based DSME intervention (p-value <0.05). Mann-Whitney test results also indicated a significant difference between the control group and the intervention group (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Text message-based DSME proved effective in improving the quality of life of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, serving as an accessible, simple, and sustainable educational intervention.   Keywords: Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME); Quality of Life; Text Message; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Pengaruh contrast bath terhadap nyeri pada pasien diabetic neuropathy Shela Ajeng Prasiska; Diah Arruum; Dudut Tanjung; Siti Zahara Nasution; Mula Tarigan
Hik Vol. 20 No. 4 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 4
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i4.3492

Abstract

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that often causes neuropathic pain, impacting participants' quality of life. Pain management requires not only pharmacological therapy but also effective, safe, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological interventions, one of which is contrast bath therapy. Purpose: To analyze the effect of contrast bath therapy on pain reduction in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The study sample consisted of 66 participants, 33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. This study was conducted at the Bhayangkara Hospital Class II Medan from September 2025 to April 2026. The intervention group received contrast bath therapy, a foot immersion technique involving warm water at 30°C for 3 minutes, followed by cold water immersion at 8–10°C for 1 minute. This was done in 5 cycles, with a total time of approximately 20 minutes. The control group received a 10-minute immersion in fresh water at 25°C. Pain was measured using the 4-question neuropathy instrument (DN4). Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. Results: This study showed a significant reduction in pain in the intervention group after contrast bath therapy (p < 0.05). The control group also showed significant changes, but the degree of change was smaller than the intervention group. Conclusion: Contrast bath therapy is effective in reducing neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy. This therapy can be recommended as a simple, safe, and economical non-pharmacological nursing intervention to help improve the quality of life of patients with diabetic neuropathy. Suggestion: Future studies should involve a larger sample size and be conducted in different hospitals or healthcare facilities. Furthermore, intervention models that combine contrast baths with educational programs, physical exercise, or other self-management approaches should be developed.   Keywords: Contrast Bath; Diabetic Neuropathy Patients; Pain.