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All Journal JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi (JEBMA)
Yarlina Yacoub
Tanjungpura University
Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences Other

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DOES SCHOOLING REDUCE INCOME INEQUALITY? PANEL EVIDENCE FROM REGENCIES AND CITIES IN WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA, 2016–2025 Fenny Fenny; Yarlina Yacoub; Sri Kurniawati
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 5 (2026): October (2026)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/k0kby650

Abstract

Abstract: Human capital theory predicts that wider schooling lowers income inequality, yet empirical evidence for Indonesian regions is contradictory. This study examines the effect of education, measured by mean years of schooling, on income inequality, measured by the Gini ratio, in the 14 regencies and cities of West Kalimantan Province over 2016–2025 (140 observations), using BPS data. The common, fixed, and random effect models are estimated, and the preferred model is selected with the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests. Across regencies, schooling and inequality are positively associated (r = 0.70 for regency means), driven mainly by Pontianak City, which has both the highest schooling and the highest inequality; the common and random effect models therefore show a positive and significant coefficient. However, the tests favour the fixed effect model, in which schooling has a negative but insignificant effect on the Gini ratio (β = −0.0065; cluster-robust p = 0.508). The result is robust to year effects, the exclusion of outliers, and lagged schooling. The hypothesis that education reduces inequality is therefore not supported: the cross-regional link reflects persistent regional characteristics rather than the effect of rising schooling within regions. Policy should complement the expansion of schooling with measures that improve its quality and link it to productive local employment, especially in high-inequality areas. Keyword: Education, Gini ratio, Income inequality, Panel data, West Kalimantan.
Belanja Modal dan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Pendapatan Transfer Terhadap PDRB Nurdiansyah; Jamaliah; Windhu Putra; Hendarmin; Yarlina Yacoub
Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi (Jebma) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Article Research November 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Cita Cendikiawan Al Khwarizmi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/jebma.v6i3.9868

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan transfer terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dengan mempertimbangkan peran belanja modal dan produktivitas tenaga kerja sebagai variabel mediasi di kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data panel dari 14 kabupaten/kota selama periode 2021–2025, yang mencakup 70 observasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pemilihan model berdasarkan uji Chow, uji Hausman, dan uji Lagrange Multiplier, sementara efek mediasi diuji menggunakan uji Sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan transfer berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap belanja modal, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja. Pendapatan transfer, belanja modal, dan produktivitas tenaga kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PDRB dengan nilai Adjusted R-squared sebesar 0,995180. Uji mediasi menunjukkan bahwa belanja modal memediasi pengaruh pendapatan transfer terhadap PDRB, sedangkan produktivitas tenaga kerja tidak berperan sebagai variabel mediasi. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa efektivitas transfer fiskal daerah sangat bergantung pada kualitas alokasi belanja pemerintah, khususnya dalam mendorong investasi publik yang produktif dan memperkuat kapasitas ekonomi regional.
Co-Authors Fenny Fenny Hendarmin Jamaliah Nurdiansyah Sri Kurniawati Windhu Putra