<![CDATA[Adolescence is a major developmental stage characterized by increased susceptibility to mental health issues, particularly within structured school settings. While school resilience and climate are linked to adolescent mental health, the psychological mechanisms underlying these relationships are not fully understood. This study explored spiritual well-being as an internal, meaning-focused factor mediating these relationships. A survey of 347 adolescents aged 12 - 15 years in a boarding high school used standardized instruments to assess resilience, school climate, spiritual well-being, and mental health, with structural equation modeling (SEM) used to analyze the relationships. The model showed an acceptable fit (RMSEA = .061, CFI = .933, TLI = .907). The results showed that resilience (β = .490, p < .001) and pesantren climate (β = .476, p < .001) significantly predicted spiritual well-being, which in turn significantly predicted mental health (β = .377, p < .001). Furthermore, spiritual well-being significantly mediated the relationships between resilience and mental health (β = .185, p < .001) and between pesantren climate and mental health (β = .179, p < .001). The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of Islamic psychology and adolescent developmental psychology through a more comprehensive understanding of the protective factors for the mental health of Islamic boarding school students. Furthermore, the research findings are expected to provide an empirical basis for developing more inclusive and supportive Islamic boarding school policies and programs oriented toward strengthening students' resilience, spiritual well-being, and mental health. This can support promotive, preventive, and curative efforts to improve students' quality of life within the Islamic boarding school environment and upon their return to society.]]>
