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Mei Irma Mujianti
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim

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Disfluency manifestations of lexical retrieval failures during the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon in “The tonight show starring Jimmy Fallon” Agus Eko Cahyono; Mei Irma Mujianti; Raudatul Nurul Insan
Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/englisia.373

Abstract

The current study examines speech disfluency features associated with the Tip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) state in spontaneous conversation from “The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon”. It integrates Lickley’s (2015) disfluency marker framework, Willem Levelt’s (1989) theory of speech production, and a metacognitive approach (Schwartz & Metcalfe, 2011) to identify disfluency features and explain the cognitive processes underlying difficulties in lexical access. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The data source is 20 cases of spontaneous speech transcription taken from 5 YouTube videos. The results reveal four main features of disfluency: hesitation, filled pause, self-repair and repetition. For cognitive classification, Non-TOT cases were much more frequent (17 cases) than Moderate TOT (2 cases) and Strong TOT (1 case). In addition, the study shows that the failure to retrieve a lexical item is modulated by the interaction of two metacognitive functions: monitoring (to detect memory blocks) and control (to enact compensatory strategies). These findings highlight that disfluencies are not merely the result of lexical memory failure, rather they serve adaptive functions such as speech planning strategies, maintaining the conversational floor and demonstrating active metacognitive regulation during spontaneous conversation.
Co-Authors Agus Eko Cahyono Raudatul Nurul Insan