<![CDATA[The available learning media that can visualize the conceptual material in the excretory system are still limited, while the 21st century demands students to have creative thinking, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. In reality, students' critical thinking skills are still relatively low. Therefore, learning media are needed that can solve this problem. This study aims to describe the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of media on learning outcomes. This study is a research and development (RD) project using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study was conducted at Panombeian Panei State High School 1 with the following participants: validators, biology teachers, and 11th-grade students. The research results indicate that this media resource meets the feasibility standards, with average scores of 88.19% from media experts and 86.13% from subject material experts, placing it in the “highly feasible” category. The results of the practicality test showed a teacher response rate of 92.5%, categorized as “highly practical,” and a student response rate in the small-scale test of 80.2%, categorized as “practical,” with the limited trial showing an average of 92.54%, categorized as “highly practical,”. The effectiveness test results showed that the average pretest score of 62,3 increased to 84,2 on the posttest. The N-gain results for the pretest and posttest averaged 0.58, which was classified as medium. Based on these results, the augmented reality-based flashcard medium using HOTS questions on the human excretory system is deemed valid, practical, and effective for use in the learning process. The implications of this study show that Augmented Reality-based flashcards can serve as an interactive learning media to support students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in understanding the complex material on the excretory system. This media is recommended for use by teachers as an alternative learning resource. However, further research is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of this media on a larger sample and in other biology topics.]]>
