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Securitizing e-Waste: Framing Environmental Issue as a Threat to Human Security Setiawan, Fajar Ajie; Hapsari, Fitriana Putri
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 6, No 2 (2017): October
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/hi.62115

Abstract

Isu limbah elektronik (e-waste), sebagai akibat pesatnya perkembangan teknologi elektronik dan sering melihat produk-produk elektronik dari sisi komersial yang terlepas dari siklus akhirnya, mendorong revolusi keberadaan limbah ini sebagai masalah global karena praktik pembuangan dan penggunaan ulang yang diterapkan seringkali tidak mengindahkan bahaya yang mungkin terjadi. Hal ini terutama menjadi perhatian di dunia bagian selatan karena adanya perspektif umum bahwa polusi dan limbah dipandang sebagai “harga” dari proses pembangunan, serta terkait juga dengan pandangan bahwa pengelolaan limbah elektronik adalah praktik yang mahal, sulit, dan tidak praktis serta asumsi bahwa lingkungan dan masyarakat dapat dipertahankan di masa depan, yang dengan demikian menunda upaya-upaya preventif. Kurangnya kesadaran akan permasalahan e-waste dari perhatian publik menimbulkan ancaman pada dimensi keamanan manusia. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa mencegah limbah elektronik menjadi isu keamanan utama dapat memberikan keuntungan dengan melakukan sekuritisasi masalah ini sebagai ancaman terhadap keamanan manusia. Tulisan ini akan dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi isu global tentang limbah elektronik dan bagaimana hal itu dapat membahayakan kesehatan dan keamanan manusia pada umumnya. Kerangka sekuritisasi kemudian akan diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan konsep komprehensif keamanan manusia dalam menjelaskan fenomena e-waste, karena dapat mengeksplorasi ranah normatif politik dan di sisi lain juga melakukan pendekatan dari berbagai sudut pandang, yang memungkinkan pemahaman dan solusi multidimensional. The issue of electronic waste (e-waste), as an effect of the rapid development of electronic technology and often view products from the commercial side regardless of its end-cycle, evolved its existence as a global problem because of the implemented disposal and reuse practices are often not heeding the dangers that may be resulted. This is especially a concern in the global south due to general perspective that pollution and waste is seen as the price of development, which also linked to the view that the management of electronic waste is a costly, difficult, and impractical practice as well as assumption that the environment and society can be maintained in the future. The omission of e-waste issue from public concern raises an impending threat to human security dimension. This paper argues that preventing e-waste from becoming a major security issue may benefit from securitizing the issue as a threat to human security. This paper will start by identifying the global issue of e-waste and how it can harm human’s health and security in general. Securitization framework will then be implemented using the comprehensive concept of human security in explaining the e-waste phenomenon since it explores the normative realm of politics while also a multi-faceted approach, enabling multidimensional understanding and solutions. 
STRATEGI MARITIME SILK ROAD CHINA DAN PROSES SEKURITISASI KEAMANAN MARITIM FILIPINA (2018–2023) Maisa, Raden; Enrizki, Darryl; Setiawan, Fajar Ajie
Moestopo Journal of International Relations (MJIR) Vol 4, No 2 (2024): Moestopo Journal of International Relations (MJIR)
Publisher : Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32509/mjir.v4i2.5529

Abstract

The Maritime Silk Road (MSR), as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has become a key instrument for China to expand its influence in Southeast Asia, including the Philippines. Beyond being an economic project, MSR also serves as a maritime expansion strategy, where the development of ports and logistics infrastructure has dual-use potential, benefiting both economic and geopolitical interests. Securitization theory explains how this initiative strengthens China’s territorial claims in the South China Sea, supported by the presence of the China Coast Guard (CCG) and maritime militias, which employ gray zone tactics to exert control over disputed waters without direct military confrontation. The Regional Security Complex (RSC) theory illustrates how the Philippines' policy toward MSR has shifted under two different administrations. Rodrigo Duterte (2016–2022) adopted a more accommodative approach, accepting MSR investments to drive economic growth and infrastructure development, while Bongbong Marcos (2022–2023) took a firmer stance by reassessing the Philippines’ participation due to escalating CCG activities in disputed areas. MSR is not merely an economic initiative but also a securitization and geopolitical expansion tool for China, creating a dilemma for the Philippines between economic benefits and threats to its maritime sovereignty, with significant implications for regional security dynamics in Southeast Asia.
DAMPAK PERANG RUSIA - UKRAINA TERHADAP EKSPOR BATU BARA INDONESIA KE JERMAN TAHUN 2022 - 2023 Setiawan, Fajar Ajie; Yudono, Maisa; Alifia, Nadhira
Moestopo Journal of International Relations (MJIR) Vol 4, No 1 (2024): Moestopo Journal of International Relations (MJIR)
Publisher : Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32509/mjir.v4i1.5525

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to find out how Indonesian coal exports to Germany will be in 2022 to 2023 after the outbreak of war between Russia and Ukraine on February 24 2022. The method used in this research is an explanatory qualitative method, namely by collecting data through literature studies and conducting interviews. with related agencies to provide explanations and analyze the impact of the Russian and Ukrainian wars on Indonesian coal exports to Germany. The theories or concepts used in this research are energy security, economic embargo, exports and energy crisis. The research results explain that in general, the war between Russia and Ukraine had no impact on Indonesia's relations with Germany. However, economically, new opportunities have emerged for Indonesia to export coal to the German market..