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All Journal Journal of Railway Transportation and Technology
Putra Tata Insan Nur Razzaq
Politeknik Perkeretaapian Indonesia Madiun
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Root Cause and Risk-Based Analysis of Excessive Smoke Emissions from CC206 Diesel Locomotives: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study Dadang Sanjaya Atmaja; Henry Widya Prasetya; Putra Tata Insan Nur Razzaq; Abdallah A. A. Lhwaint; Azaz Ramang Pambudi
Journal of Railway Transportation and Technology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): November
Publisher : Politeknik Perkeretaapian Indonesia Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37367/jrtt.v5i2.105

Abstract

Excessive smoke from diesel locomotives signals incomplete combustion and degrades engine performance and air quality. This exploratory mixed-methods study examined factors associated with smoke level in CC206 locomotives running B40 biodiesel at a depot in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, using records from January to June 2026, and ranked maintenance risks. Twenty-four fault-history records from 21 locomotives (injector age, fuel pressure, combustion chamber temperature, visually rated smoke level) were analyzed with ordinal logistic regression and separation-robust sensitivity analyses; technician interviews were analyzed with content analysis, root cause analysis (RCA), and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Combustion chamber temperature was associated with smoke level (B = 0.069, p = .022), but every level-9 record exceeded 740 °C and every other record was at or below 640 °C, so the estimate is unstable and implies neither a gradient nor causation. Injector age and fuel pressure showed no detectable association. FMEA ranked injector damage (RPN = 360), non-optimal maintenance scheduling (280), and clogged fuel filters (210) highest. The findings are hypothesis-generating and require verification with larger, instrumented data that include normally operating locomotives.
Co-Authors Abdallah A. A. Lhwaint Azaz Ramang Pambudi Dadang Sanjaya Atmaja Henry Widya Prasetya