<![CDATA[extensive use of synthetic herbicides has raised environmental concerns and contributed to herbicide-resistant weeds, emphasizing the need for environmentally friendly weed-management alternatives. Sorghum is known for its allelopathic properties, but nformation on potential allelochemicals in sorghum ratoon leaves remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents of sorghum ratoon leaf extracts and assess their potential relevance to allelopathy based on GC-MS profiling and previously reported biological activities. Ratoon leaves were sequentially macerated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated according to chromatographic peak areas, chemical classes, and reported biological activities. The analysis detected alcohols and phenolic-related compounds, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, amides, sterols, steroids, triterpenoids, and organometallic-related compounds. Several of these groups have previously been associated with allelopathic or phytotoxic activity. Polar compounds may warrant further investigation for aqueous bioherbicide formulations, while fatty acids, esters, and amides may also be relevant to plant growth inhibition. However, their biological effects cannot be confirmed by GCMS profiling alone. Further bioactivity, dose-response, and target-weed assays are required to validate their phytotoxic potential and suitability for natural bioherbicide development. These findings therefore provide a chemical basis for subsequent experimental validation.]]>
